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The black-striped capuchin (''Sapajus libidinosus''), also known as the bearded capuchin,〔 is a capuchin monkey from South America. It was the first non-ape primate in which tool usage was documented in the wild, as individuals have been seen cracking nuts by placing them on a stone "anvil" while hitting them with another large stone.〔Fragaszy, D., Izar, P., Visalberghi, E., Ottoni, E. B., & Gomes de Oliveira, M. (2004). Wild Capuchin Monkeys (''Cebus libidinosus'') Use Anvils and Stone Pounding Tools. ''American Journal of Primatology'' 64: 359–366.〕 Adaptations to carrying large stones and fruit include strengthened back and leg muscles that permit the monkey to walk on its hind legs while carrying stones. The black-striped capuchin has traditionally been considered a subspecies of the tufted capuchin.〔 On the contrary, the southern population here included in ''S. libidinosus'' has sometimes been considered another species, Azaras's capuchin (''S. cay'') (syn. ''S. paraguayanus''). The black-striped capuchin is found in the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Pantanal of Brazil.〔 Some confusion surrounds the taxon ''juruanus'', here included as a subspecies of the black-striped capuchin.〔 It has been considered to occur from the upper Juruá River east and south to Mato Grosso,〔Groves, C. (2001). ''Primate Taxonomy.'' Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 1-56098-872-X〕 or alternatively entirely restricted to the region near the upper Juruá River.〔Fragaszy D., Visalberghi E., & Fedigan, L. (2004). ''The complete capuchin.'' Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-66116-1〕 In the latter case, its range would be surrounded by ''C. apella'', leading to doubts over its true taxonomic status. Groves (2005) recognizes four subspecies:〔 *''Cebus libidinosus libidinosus'' *''Cebus libidinosus pallidus'' *''Cebus libidinosus paraguayanus'' *''Cebus libidinosus juruanus'' In 2011, Jessica Lynch Alfaro et al. proposed that the robust capuchins such (formerly the ''C. apella'' group) be placed in a separate genus, ''Sapajus'', from the gracile capuchins (formerly the ''C. capucinus'' group), which retain the genus ''Cebus''. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Black-striped capuchin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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